Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fast‑progressing, highly fatal brain infection caused by the “brain‑eating amoeba” Naegleria fowleri. Symptoms emerge within days as trophozoites invade the CNS. This article explains life‑cycle stages, transmission from warm freshwater, Kerala case updates, and how rapid diagnosis, aggressive therapy, and simple prevention can improve survival.